5 Ways to Stop Employees from Colluding in Fraud

What happens if two or more individuals in your organization collude to commit fraud? According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners’ (ACFE’s) 2022 Report to the Nations, fraud losses rise precipitously. The median loss for a scheme involving just one perpetrator is $57,000, but when two or more perpetrators are involved, the median loss skyrockets to $145,000. When three or more thieves work together, it soars to $219,000. Unfortunately, collusion schemes are common — they make up approximately 58% of all fraud incidents. So these five steps are recommended: Enforce internal controls. Colluding thieves usually either ignore internal controls or take steps to hide noncompliance. For example, a colluding manager might override controls to allow another employee to commit expense reimbursement or payroll fraud. To...

A Candid Talk with Ford CEO Jim Farley on Fords EV Future

As posted to the Munro Live YouTube Channel on 8/1/2022 (Run Time 49 min, 46 sec) Ford CEO Jim Farley, Linda Zhang (F-150 Chief Nameplate Engineer), and Doug Field (Chief Officer of EVs and Digital Systems) deliver Munro & Associates a Ford F-150 Lightning and sit down for a down-to-earth interview with Sandy Munro to discuss, among other things, urgent changes necessary to avoid a financial calamity in the transition to EVs. (This is Blog Post #1250) Sandy Munro is an automotive engineer who specializes in machine tools and manufacturing. He joined the Ford Motor Company in 1978 and then started his own consulting company, Munro & Associates, which specializes in lean design, tearing down automotive products to study and suggest improvements and innovations....

Attention OEMs: The Age of Catalog Engineering is Over

Excerpt of an article posted to the Memos by Heller House website on 7/27/22   In their book The Innovator's Solution, Clayton Christensen and Michael Raynor cite the example of IBM as a cautionary tale against outsourcing activities that "might seem to be a non-core activity today" but that "might become an absolute critical competence to have mastered in a proprietary way in the future". IBM decided to outsource the microprocessor for its PC business to Intel, and its operating system to Microsoft.  IBM made these decisions in the early 1980s in order to focus on what it did best - designing, assembling, and marketing computer systems. In the process of outsourcing what it did not perceive to be core to the new business, IBM put into business the...

How to Use the Cost Approach to Value a Business

The balance sheet — which shows a company’s assets and liabilities — is a logical starting point for valuing certain types of businesses. The cost (or asset) approach specifically focuses on this part of a company’s financial statements. Here’s an overview to help you understand this valuation technique. How does it work? When valuation professionals apply the cost approach, they convert the book values reported on the balance sheet to their respective fair market values. There are three key reasons that book value may not reflect fair market value to a hypothetical buyer or seller: 1. Use of historic cost. Under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), assets are recorded at historic cost. Over time, historic cost may understate market value for appreciable assets, such as marketable securities...

Risk Assessments are a Critical Anti-Fraud Tool

Fraud risk assessments have been shown to prevent occupational fraud and limit losses for victimized organizations. These tools have become more prevalent in recent years, according to “Occupational Fraud 2022: A Report to the Nations” published by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE). But although almost 50% of businesses perform fraud assessments, many owners and managers may be unaware of the value of these procedures and how the assessment process works. When and why? Fraud risk assessments generally are conducted by internal auditors, either on a standalone basis or as part of a comprehensive enterprise risk management program. You may want to conduct assessments annually or whenever there have been major organizational changes or disruptions. The COVID-19 pandemic, when many businesses closed temporarily and many employees started...

How Disability Income Benefits are Taxed

If you’ve recently begun receiving disability income, you may wonder how it’s taxed. The answer is: It depends. The key issue is: Who paid for the benefit? If the income is paid directly to you by your employer, it’s taxable to you just as your ordinary salary would be. (Taxable benefits are also subject to federal income tax withholding. However, depending on the employer’s disability plan, in some cases they aren’t subject to Social Security tax.) Frequently, the payments aren’t made by an employer but by an insurance company under a policy providing disability coverage. In other cases, they’re made under an arrangement having the effect of accident or health insurance. In these cases, the tax treatment depends on who paid for the insurance coverage. If your...

How do Taxes Factor into an M&A Transaction?

Although merger and acquisition activity has been down in 2022, there are still companies being bought and sold. If your business is considering merging with or acquiring another business, it’s important to understand how the transaction will be taxed under current law. Stocks vs. assets From a tax standpoint, a transaction can basically be structured in two ways: 1. Stock (or ownership interest). A buyer can directly purchase a seller’s ownership interest if the target business is operated as a C or S corporation, a partnership, or a limited liability company (LLC) that’s treated as a partnership for tax purposes. The current 21% corporate federal income tax rate makes buying the stock of a C corporation somewhat more attractive. Reasons: The corporation will pay less tax and generate more...

Can Individual Taxpayers Deduct Vehicle Expenses?

It’s not just businesses that can deduct vehicle-related expenses on their tax returns. Individuals also can deduct them in certain circumstances. Unfortunately, under current law, you may not be able to deduct as much as you could years ago. For years prior to 2018, miles driven for business, moving, medical and charitable purposes were potentially deductible. For 2018 through 2025, business and moving miles are deductible only in much more limited circumstances. The changes were a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), which could also affect your tax benefit from medical and charitable miles. Fortunately, if you’re eligible to deduct driving costs, the IRS just increased the standard amounts for the second half of 2022 due to the high price of gas. Current vs. past...

2022 Q3 Tax Calendar for Businesses and Other Employers

Here are some of the key tax-related deadlines affecting businesses and other employers during the third quarter of 2022. Keep in mind that this list isn’t all-inclusive, so there may be additional deadlines that apply to you. Contact us to ensure you’re meeting all applicable deadlines and to learn more about the filing requirements. August 1 Report income tax withholding and FICA taxes for second quarter 2022 (Form 941), and pay any tax due. (See the exception below, under “August 10.”) File a 2021 calendar-year retirement plan report (Form 5500 or Form 5500-EZ) or request an extension. August 10  Report income tax withholding and FICA taxes for second quarter 2022 (Form 941), if you deposited on time and in full all of the associated taxes due. September 15  ...

Measuring Residual Value for the Discounted Cash Flow Method

When valuing a business using the discounted cash flow method, residual (or terminal) value is a key component. The International Valuation Glossary — Business Valuation defines residual value as “the value as of the end of the discrete projection period in a discounted future earnings model.” Business valuation experts typically consider the capitalization of earnings method and the market approach when estimating residual value. Either (or both) may be appropriate, depending on the nature of the business, purpose of the valuation, reliability of the company’s financial projections and availability of market data. Capitalizing earnings The capitalization of earnings method is based on the assumption that cash flow will stabilize in the final year of the projection period. However, this is also the time period that’s subject to the...