Adopting a Child? Bring Home a Tax Break Too

Two tax benefits are available to offset the expenses of adopting a child. In 2022, adoptive parents may be able to claim a credit against their federal tax for up to $14,890 of “qualified adoption expenses” for each child. This will increase to $15,950 in 2023. That’s a dollar-for-dollar reduction of tax. Also, adoptive parents may be able to exclude from gross income up to $14,890 in 2022 ($15,950 in 2023) of qualified expenses paid by an employer under an adoption assistance program. Both the credit and the exclusion are phased out if the parents’ income exceeds certain limits. Parents can claim both a credit and an exclusion for expenses of adopting a child. But they can’t claim both a credit and an exclusion for the same...

Frauds New Frontier: NFTs

When new technologies emerge, it can take time for the general public to learn how they work. Non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, first appeared in 2014, yet many people are still confused about what they are and how to buy and store them. This gives criminals who understand the technology an advantage. In addition to money laundering, tax evasion and terrorist funding, NFTs are being used to commit fraud and steal from unsuspecting asset buyers. For example, more than $100 million in NFTs was stolen between July 2021 and July 2022, according to analytics company Elliptic. Snapshot view In their simplest form, NFTs are immutable digital assets — often related to art, sports, music, digital culture and avatars — linked to the blockchain, the digital ledger used to...

How Inflation Will Affect Your 2022 and 2023 Tax Bills

The effects of inflation are all around. You’re probably paying more for gas, food, health care and other expenses than you were last year. Are you wondering how high inflation will affect your federal income tax bill for 2023? The IRS recently announced next year’s inflation-adjusted tax amounts for several provisions. Some highlights Standard deduction. What does an increased standard deduction mean for you? A larger standard deduction will shelter more income from federal income tax next year. For 2023, the standard deduction will increase to $13,850 for single taxpayers, $27,700 for married couples filing jointly and $20,800 for heads of household. This is up from the 2022 amounts of $12,950 for single taxpayers, $25,900 for married couples filing jointly and $19,400 for heads of household. The highest...

Inflation Means Your and Your Employees Can Save More for Retirement in 2023

How much can you and your employees contribute to your 401(k)s next year — or other retirement plans? In Notice 2022-55, the IRS recently announced cost-of-living adjustments that apply to the dollar limitations for pensions, as well as other qualified retirement plans for 2023. The amounts increased more than they have in recent years due to inflation. 401(k) plans The 2023 contribution limit for employees who participate in 401(k) plans will increase to $22,500 (up from $20,500 in 2022). This contribution amount also applies to 403(b) plans, most 457 plans and the federal government’s Thrift Savings Plan. The catch-up contribution limit for employees age 50 and over who participate in 401(k) plans and the other plans mentioned above will increase to $7,500 (up from $6,500 in 2022). Therefore,...

Finding Comparable Transactions to Use in Business Valuation

The market approach is an intuitive way to value a private business interest. It bases the subject company’s value on sales of other similar businesses or business interests, which are commonly referred to as “guideline transactions” or “comparables.” Each business is unique, so identifying an exact match is impossible. 2 methods The following two primary valuation methods fall under the market approach umbrella: Guideline public company method. Under this method, value is derived from comparable stocks (or partnership interests) that are actively traded on the New York Stock Exchange or other public markets. Public stock prices are used to compute pricing multiples — such as price-to-revenue, price-to-net income and price-to-book value — to apply to the subject company’s results. Financial variables may be calculated for a variety...

You May be Liable for Nanny Tax for All Types of Domestic Workers

You’ve probably heard of the “nanny tax.” But even if you don’t employ a nanny, it may apply to you. Hiring a house cleaner, gardener or other household employee (who isn’t an independent contractor) may make you liable for federal income and other taxes. You may also have state tax obligations. If you employ a household worker, you aren’t required to withhold federal income taxes from pay. But you can choose to withhold if the worker requests it. In that case, ask the worker to fill out a Form W-4. However, you may be required to withhold Social Security and Medicare (FICA) taxes and to pay federal unemployment (FUTA) tax. 2022 and 2023 thresholds In 2022, you must withhold and pay FICA taxes if your household worker earns...

In 2023, the Social Security Wage Base is Increasing

The Social Security Administration recently announced that the wage base for computing Social Security tax will increase to $160,200 for 2023 (up from $147,000 for 2022). Wages and self-employment income above this threshold aren’t subject to Social Security tax. Basics about Social Security The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) imposes two taxes on employers, employees and self-employed workers. One is for the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance program, which is commonly known as Social Security. The other is for the Hospital Insurance program, which is commonly known as Medicare. There’s a maximum amount of compensation subject to the Social Security tax, but no maximum for Medicare tax. For 2023, the FICA tax rate for employers is 7.65% — 6.2% for Social Security and 1.45% for Medicare (the...

When a Valuation Professional Finds Fraud

Imagine you’ve got your eye on a business that seems like an attractive investment or acquisition target. It boasts strong earnings, competitive growth estimates and a clean balance sheet. But this business has a secret: fraud. And fraud can dramatically change the prospects — and value — of a company. That’s why, when conducting business appraisals, valuation professionals keep their eyes peeled for signs that fraud is occurring or could easily occur. Gauging fraud risk Business value is a function of risk and return, and one critical risk factor companies face is fraud. So valuators conducting an appraisal might ask management about the company’s internal controls — its policies and procedures to protect assets and ensure reliable financial statements. They may look for particular internal controls that...

Plan Now to Make Tax-Smart Year-End Gifts to Loved Ones

Are you feeling generous at year end? Taxpayers can transfer substantial amounts free of gift taxes to their children or other recipients each year through the proper use of the annual exclusion. The exclusion amount is adjusted for inflation annually, and for 2022, the amount is $16,000. The exclusion covers gifts that an individual makes to each recipient each year. So a taxpayer with three children can transfer a total of $48,000 to the children this year free of federal gift taxes. If the only gifts during a year are made this way, there’s no need to file a federal gift tax return. If annual gifts exceed $16,000, the exclusion covers the first $16,000 and only the excess is taxable. Note: This discussion isn’t relevant to gifts made...