Valuing a Startup Business

Many startup ventures have never generated positive cash flow — or even revenue. How can a valuation analyst value a startup business when it has no track record? Without historical performance to rely on, valuators often turn to the entrepreneurs’ forecasts. However, no one can see into the future. So, prospective financial statements can be subjective and risky, especially in today’s volatile marketplace. Professional skepticism When evaluating prospective financials, valuators must exercise professional judgment and consider making adjustments where necessary. For example, whether or not an entrepreneur has put together formal financial projections can provide insight into the most important determinant of a startup company’s ability to succeed: management. Other important considerations include the startup’s competitive advantage, business type, market size, and potential growth opportunities. Lifecycle of a startup The...

Retirement Plan Early Withdrawals: Make Sure You Meet the Requirements to Avoid a Penalty

Most retirement plan distributions are subject to income tax and may be subject to an additional penalty if you take an early withdrawal. What’s considered early? In general, it’s when participants take money out of a traditional IRA or other qualified retirement plan before age 59½. Such distributions are generally taxable and may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Note: The additional penalty tax is 25% if you take a distribution from a SIMPLE IRA in the first two years you participate in the SIMPLE IRA plan. Fortunately, there are several ways that the penalty tax (but not the regular income tax) can be avoided. However, the rules are complex. As the taxpayer in one new court case found, if you don’t meet the requirements, you’ll...

Many Tax Limits Affecting Businesses Have Increased for 2023

An array of tax-related limits that affect businesses are indexed annually, and due to high inflation, many have increased more than usual for 2023. Here are some that may be important to you and your business. Social Security tax The amount of employees’ earnings that are subject to Social Security tax is capped for 2023 at $160,200 (up from $147,000 for 2022). Deductions  Section 179 expensing: Limit: $1.16 million (up from $1.08 million) Phaseout: $2.89 million (up from $2.7 million) Income-based phase-out for certain limits on the Sec. 199A qualified business income deduction begins at: Married filing jointly: $364,200 (up from $340,100) Other filers: $182,100 (up from $170,050) Retirement plans  Employee contributions to 401(k) plans: $22,500 (up from $20,500) Catch-up contributions to 401(k) plans: $7,500 (up from $6,500) Employee...

What Business Owners Can Do About Insurance Fraud

According to various sources, around 10% of all insurance claims involve fraud. Insurance companies generally pass along the cost of these fraud losses to policyholders in the form of higher premiums. Unfortunately, small businesses, which are generally less able to pay premium hikes, are particularly vulnerable to insurance fraud. To protect your company from losses and minimize the likelihood of increased premiums, learn how to identify insurance fraud. Areas of concern There are several forms of insurance fraud that could potentially affect your business: Workers’ compensation. In these schemes, an employee exaggerates or fabricates an injury or illness to receive workers’ compensation benefits. For example, a worker could mischaracterize an injury from a minor accident as serious or claim that an existing, non-work-related condition was the result of...

Why You Might Want to File Early and Answers to Other Tax Season Questions

The IRS announced it opened the 2023 individual income tax return filing season on January 23. That’s when the agency began accepting and processing 2022 tax year returns. Even if you typically don’t file until much closer to the mid-April deadline (or you file for an extension), consider filing earlier this year. The reason is you can potentially protect yourself from tax identity theft. Here are some answers to questions taxpayers may have about filing. How can your tax identity be stolen? In a typical tax identity theft scam, a thief uses another individual’s personal information to file a fraudulent tax return early in the filing season and claim a bogus refund. The actual taxpayer discovers the fraud when he or she files a return and is told by...

Discounting vs Capitalizing: Common Business Valuation Methods at a Glance

Two techniques fall under the income approach umbrella when valuing a private business interest: the discounted cash flow (DCF) method and the capitalization of earnings method. How do these two commonly used methods compare — and which one is appropriate for a specific investment? Fundamentals of discounting The DCF method estimates the present value of future expected net cash flows using a discount rate. It entails these basic steps: Compute future cash flows. Potential investors are generally trying to determine what’s in it for them in terms of cash flow and an acceptable return on investment. Historical earnings are often the starting point for estimating expected cash flow over a discrete discounting period of, say, five or seven years. Then, the valuation expert calculates a terminal (or residual)...

Tax-Saving Ways to Help Pay for College - Once Your Child Starts Attending

If you have a child or grandchild in college — congratulations! To help pay for the expenses, many parents and grandparents saved for years in tax-favored accounts, such as 529 plans. But there are also a number of tax breaks that you may be able to claim once your child begins attending college or post-secondary school. Tuition tax credits  You can take the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) of up to $2,500 per student for the first four years of college — a 100% credit for the first $2,000 in tuition, fees, and books, and a 25% credit for the second $2,000. You can take a Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC) of up to $2,000 per family for every additional year of college or graduate school — a...

Keeping Debtors Honest with a Solvency Opinion

Are you worried your business won’t receive what a liquidating creditor owes it? In most cases, liquidating companies come by their financially distressed situations honestly. But there’s always a chance that a debtor has made fraudulent transfers or taken other steps to hide assets from creditors. A solvency expert can help you and your legal counsel determine whether a liquidating business is capable of meeting its interest and repayment obligations. How experts test the balance sheet Solvency experts consider many issues when examining a business. But ultimately, the outcome of three tests enable an expert to determine solvency. The first is to assess the business’s balance sheet. At the time of the transaction at issue, did the debtor company’s asset value exceed its liability value? Assets are generally...

How the New SECURE 2.0 Law May Affect Your Business

If your small business has a retirement plan, and even if it doesn’t, you may see changes and benefits from a new law. The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement 2.0 Act (SECURE 2.0) was recently signed into law. Provisions in the law will kick in over several years. SECURE 2.0 is meant to build on the original SECURE Act, which was signed into law in 2019. Here are some provisions that may affect your business. Retirement plan automatic enrollment. Under the new law, 401(k) plans will be required to automatically enroll employees when they become eligible, beginning with plan years after December 31, 2024. Employees will be permitted to opt out. The initial automatic enrollment amount would be at least 3% but not more than 10%....

Tax-Wise Ways to Save for College

If you’re a parent or grandparent with college-bound children, you may want to save to fund future education costs. Here are several approaches to take maximum advantage of the tax-favored ways to save that may be available to you. Savings bonds  Series EE U.S. savings bonds offer two tax-saving opportunities when used to finance college expenses: You don’t have to report the interest on the bonds for federal tax purposes until the bonds are cashed in, and Interest on “qualified” Series EE (and Series I) bonds may be exempt from federal tax if the bond proceeds are used for qualified college expenses. To qualify for the college tax exemption, you must purchase the bonds in your own name (not the child’s) or jointly with your spouse. The proceeds...