The starting point for a business valuation is generally the subject company’s financial statements. Here’s an overview of how historical financial statements can serve as the basis for a valuation professional’s conclusion under the cost, income and market approaches. Cost (or asset-based) approach Because the balance sheet identifies a company’s assets and liabilities, it can be a reliable source of financial information, especially for companies that rely heavily on tangible assets (such as manufacturers and real estate holding companies). Under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), assets are recorded at the lower of cost or market value. So, adjustments may be needed to align an item’s book value with its fair market value. For example, receivables may need to be adjusted for bad debts. Inventory may include obsolete...
